Physiotherapy-class

Pleurisy or Pleuritis

2010-03-13T05:12:00.000-08:00

Salam sume,
Hai bro uniselPhysio,
Nah posting ni ditujukan ntuk bro, harap belum terlambat untuk presentation tu,

Ok, Pleurisy adalah sama ngan pleuritis. Jadi, ianya adalah inflammation of the pleura.
Ermm tentu bro dah tau apa itu inflammation kn. Tapi xper lah.. saya terangkan kat sini jugak.
Inflammation ataupun dikenali sebagai inflamasi @ keradangan ini mempunyai dua type. Acute dan juga Chronic. Ianya dibezakan dengan jangka hayat sesuatu keradangan ataupun clinical features nya ( simptom ).

Berbalik kepada topik kita, inflammation of pleura @ pleurisy @ pleuritis.
Keradangan ini berlaku pada lapisan pleura. Bagi yang tidak tahu ataupun saja buat taktau, pleura adalah selaput yang berada di pleura cavity untuk menyelaputi paru - paru ( lung ). Fungsinya adalah untuk mengekalkan tekanan yang dihadapi oleh peparu. Ianya juga dapat mengurangkan geseran antara peparu ngan bahagian lain ketika penafasan.

Kebiasaannya, keradangan pleura ini akan menyebabkan kesakitan pada dada ketika menghirup nafas. Ianyanya digelar pleuritic chest pain.

Antara simptom bagi penghidap pleurisy ialah :
- sesak nafas
- batuk
- demam kesejukan
- Bernafas dengan laju dan mendalam
- kehilangan berat badan tanpa dijangka ( bukan diet )
- Sakit tekak diikuti bengkak pada sendi ( joint )

Jangkitan Virus adalah penyebab utama pluerisy, namun begitu ianya juga disebabkan penyakit lain seperti :
- Pneumothorax
- Jangkitan bakteria seperti pneumonia dan tuberculosis
- dan banyak lagi

Tetapi, ada jugak pleurisy yg idiopathic. Idiopathic nih maknanya tidak mempunyai sebab.

Cara nak mengesan Pleurisy ( diagnosis ):
- Pemeriksaan fizikal
- Chest X-ray
- CT- scan
- Ultrasound
- MRI
- ABG ( bukan abg syg tetapi Arterial Blood Gas )

Treatment plak senang ajer . Cuma 3 yg tersenarai :
- Remove the fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space ( gune cara suctioning pun boley )
- Relieve symptoms ( cara nih ngan bagi drug / medicine ntuk hilangkan simptom )
- Treat the underlying condition

Ermmm rasanya senang ajer nk fahamkan keadaan penyakit pleurisy nih, tetapi kalu nak maklumat lanjut search ajer google.
Bagi yang ingin terus ke laman lanjutannya sila klik sini.

Saya harap post nih membantu yer bro uniselphysio tuk paham ttg pleurisy nih.

What is active physiotherapy?

2010-02-23T19:24:00.000-08:00

Hello, According to the topic, what is active physiotherapy? I think , something in your mind will says that physiotherapist is very active like a child.. hahhaha
Active Physiotherapy ( AP ) is the name of Physiotherapy Clinic at Inner West , Australia.
AP key focus is to provide patient with the most effective patient care services. From patient assessment and diagnosis to patient treatment plan and implementation, patient can rest assured patient are being cared for in an honest and transparent way. We believe in educating patient clients to the best of our ability, so patient will be involved in healthcare every step of the way.

Ok for australian, if you are interested to get AP treatment just go to
Newtown Business Centre,Suite 3, 1 Erskineville Rd, Newtown, NSW, 2042
or just email whats your problem and appointment to admin@activephysiotherapy.net.au
or if you want to talk directly just call 02 9519 4913.
- Appointments are available from 8:00AM to 6:30PM Monday to Friday, and on Saturday 8:00AM - 1:00PM
- Parking can be found in Wilson St & Linthorpe St
- 100m walk from Newtown Train Station (turn right when exiting the station)
- 100m walk from King St buses.
If you want to have a apointment now just filled the form here

More detail can be found here

Fracture Neck of Femur ( FNoF )

2009-12-23T21:29:00.000-08:00

Assignment for Christmas Holiday by Mr TamilVanan (O.o)
- Physiotherapist management for fracture neck of femur.

Anatomical factors
The structure of the head and neck of femur is developed for the transmission of body weight efficiently, with minimum bone mass, by appropriate distribution of the bony trabeculae in the neck. The tension trabeculae and compression trabeculae along with the strong calcar femorale on the medial cortex of the neck of the femur form an efficient system to withstand load bearing and torsion under normal stresses of locomotion and weight bearing.
In old age, osteoporosis of the region occurs. The incidence of fracture neck of femur is higher in old age.

Two broad groups of fractures are recognised in the neck of femur :
(1) Intracapsular fractures
(2) Extracapsular fractures.

Classification (Garden).
stage I : incomplete fracture of the neck

stage II : complete without displacement

stage III: complete with partial displacement

stage IV : this is a complete femoral neck fracture with full displacement

Clinical Features
The patient is usually an elderly person with a history of a fall and inability to walk. On inspection, the injured led lies in a position of external rotation and there is shortening of the leg. The attachment of the capsule to the distal fragment prevents excessive external rotation of the leg. On palpation, there is tenderness over the anterior and lateral aspects of the hip joint. The greater trochanter is elevated on the injured side. All movements are extremely painful except in the rare case of an impacted type of fracture.

Management Conservative Treatment

This consists of the application of continuous skeletal traction. For cases with marked coxa vara, continuous skeletal traction through the upper tibia is applied and the leg is immobilised in the Bohler Braun splint and the foot end of the bed is raised. Traction with 12 to 15 Ibs is sufficient. The coxa vara gets corrected and the fracture unites in about 12 weeks. When the coxa vara is not marked, skin traction in Thomas' splint will be sufficient. Excepting the fact that the patient occupies a hospital bed for about 3 months, there is no other serious defect in this conservative method and the results are highly satisfactory.

Operative Treatment

This consists of manipulative reduction and internal fixation. The internal fixation is done by a nail plate as shown in the figure. The McLauglin two piece nail plate has been commonly used. The use of a single piece angled nail plate (Jewett) has been found to be mechanically superior and gives good results. More recently the use of compression hip screw and plate system has enabled earlier mobilisation of the hip and weight bearing.

HaPpy ReaDiNg (O.o)

volkmann's ischemic contracture

2009-12-11T22:23:00.000-08:00

Salam all, please apologize if i have not updated my old blog site, because I am busy pursuing a subject that should be added this semester in the Neurology and Special Topic.
Since I write this blog, I've learned one thing of which volkmann's ischemic contracture.
This is due to the use of Plaster of Paris (POP) that is too tight to cause Ischemia (lack of blood). So, we do not get muscle energy supply, enough oxygen.
Among the ways to treat waste is POP, or if things destitute please doctor as soon as possible.

more detail :

Volkmann's contracture, also known as Volkmann's ischaemic contracture, is a permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist, resulting in a claw-like deformity of the hand and fingers.

Physiotherapists Use Botox-style Injection To Treat Stroke Patients

2009-10-19T20:30:00.000-07:00

AN INJECTION often associated with cosmetic surgery is being used by physiotherapists in the treatment of patients who have suffered stroke, multiple sclerosis or head injuries.

For some, the name “Botox” relates to surgery used to change the way people look, but many do not know that the toxin it derives from has important medical uses.

At City Hospital, botulinum toxin-A injection therapy is used to treat muscle stiffness caused by damage to the central nervous system and now six physiotherapists have been trained to administer the treatment.

“We don’t know of any other unit in the country with so many physiotherapists administering the injection,” explained Dawn Hicklin, physiotherapist at the Trust.

“It is a kind of role reversal because medics are now attending workshops and clinics that are physiotherapy led to learn and develop their physiotherapy skills.”

The physiotherapists work alongside Dr Steve Sturman, consultant in neurology and neurorehabilitation at the Trust.

He said: “We have realised that physiotherapists are the best people to assess the motor function of patients. It is also an extended role they can pursue, which is very helpful.”

Overcome depression using Islamic Method

2009-10-11T22:02:00.000-07:00

Salam,
according to the question from non-resident,guest je..
I just find through google and find the way for overcome the depression.

Ok first, depression refers to a state of low mood and aversion to activity. While most often described as a disease or dysfunction, there are also strong arguments for seeing depression as an adaptive defense mechanism.

Read This :
1 :: A prayer that helps overcome such depression should be addressed to the causes of depression themselves.. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) taught us that we should pray according to the situation we find ourselves in. There are, in addition, prayers which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself used.
The surah can reffered is Allahumma innee a`udhu bika mina al-hamm wal hazan wa a`udhu bika mina al-`ajzi wa al-kasal wa al-jubun wa al-bukhl wa ghalabati al-dayni wa qahri al-rrijaal (O Allah, I seek refuge in You from worry, depression, helplessness, sloth, cowardice, niggardliness, and the burden of debts and domineering men.)

2 :: Furthermore, you should bear in mind that reading the Glorious Qur'an, making zikir, observing your religious duties, steering clear of what is prohibited, and doing good help one get rid of depression and anxiety.

3 :: At the same time, you should, do the following on a regular basis:
- If you are involved in any acts that are sinful or displeasing to Allah, shun them.
- If you are not consistent and punctual in your solat (prayer), try to be consistent. Remember that solat is our only link with Allah.
- Who are you befriending and keeping company with? Try to get some friends who are conscious of Allah, who might inspire you with good thoughts.
- Be persistent in asking forgiveness of Allah, especially whenever such bad thoughts occur to you.

There are 3 easy way u can try ( method got from www.islam.ca )

a free way for loss your weght ! ! (O.o)

2009-05-25T21:28:00.000-07:00

Ok know...

Please kindly read my article if you want to loss your weight or maintan your body figures ! !

Not for Joy Reader k !!!

::THE BAD FAT MUST GO! - Hey! leave your bed! go for exercise! make your body sweating !

::NUTRITION! - Hey, do you know about food pyramid.? Please follow!

::WATER! Drink water! - Please get rid of soda or something else!Drink around a half gallon a day, more if you can.

::Weigh yourself at the end of every week. So your will know about your proggressive :)

::Sleep! YES! Sleep! - Sleep must be 8 hours per day !

::Please avoid your mind to be stress. Because this will make you unconcious to do something bad ( always eat etc )..

p/s : Nice to hear you if can loss your weight by this ways !!

Check your BMI here !!

2009-05-20T02:02:00.000-07:00

Follow the instruction above to check your BMI Now! ! ! !

Method of testing / grading

2009-05-19T23:29:00.000-07:00

manual Muscle Tesing ( MMT )
The muscle power is evaluated and recorded according to the Oxford Classification ( MRC ) , on scale 0 - 5 .
MRC is Medical Research Council.

GRED
0 ( zero ) - No contraction of muscle
1 ( one ) - Flicker of contraction
2 ( two ) - Full range of motion with gravity counterbalanced ( horizontal )
3 ( three ) - Full range of motion against gravity
4 ( four ) - Full range of motion against gravity with resistance
5 ( five ) - Full range of motion against gravity with full resistance

Classification of techniques to massage

2009-05-19T23:08:00.000-07:00

Hello ,
Now i will add some articles about technique of massages.

:: STROKING MANIPULATIONS
:: PRESSURE MANIPULATIONS
:: PERCUSSION MANIPULATIONS / TAPOTMENT
:: SHAKING MANIPULATIONS

-- STROKING MANIPULATIONS --
-- Effleurage : always perfomed in a centripetal direction.
-- Stroking : can follow by any direction needs contact and continuity throughout.

-- PRESSURE MANIPULATIONS --
-- Friction : small, deep, penetrating movements performed in a circular direction.
-- Kneading : type - thumb, elbow, finger tip, finger pad, heel pad.
-- Ironing : one hand reinforces the other to get the maximum depth.
-- Picking up : press muscle, squeezed and relaxed.
-- Rolling : lift up the skin & then moves keeping a roll of skin.

-- PERCUSSION MANIPULATIONS --
-- Hacking : Elbow flexes and wrist extended. like a " karate "
-- Clapping : Hands & fingers are cupped. Must use towel to avoid pain.
-- Beating : use anterior aspect of middle phalangeas.
-- Pounding : Use ulnar border.

-- SHAKING MANIPULATIONS --
-- Vibrations : place hand over the other & fine shaking by ulnar & radial deviation.
-- Shaking : give traction and shaking the end of limb.

p/s : for more details about effects & uses or contraindications please leave a comments and also link back to u :)

Strain VS Sprain

2009-05-19T01:43:00.000-07:00

Strain

Muscle strain or muscle pull or even a muscle tear implies damage to a muscle or its attaching tendons.
Sypmtoms -->
:: Swelling, bruising or redness, or open cuts as a consequence of the injury
:: Pain at rest
:: Pain when the specific muscle or the joint in relation to that muscle is used
:: Weakness of the muscle or tendons (A sprain, in contrast, is an injury to a joint and its ligaments.)

Sprain

Ligament sprain Ligaments provide connection between bones. Sprains are injuries to the ligaments.
Sypmtoms -->
:: Swelling because of increased fluid in the tissue is sometimes severe
:: Pain because the nerves are more sensitive: The joint hurts and may throb. The pain can worsen when the sore area is pressed, or the foot moves in certain directions (depending upon which ligament is involved) and during walking or standing.

:: Redness and warmth caused by increased blood flow to the area

How to be a student of masterskill

2009-05-18T01:03:00.000-07:00

This is for who want to be a student of Masterskill University College Health Sciences.

Programs at masterskill
DEGREE
:: Bachelor Of Pharmacy (Hons) 4+0 La Trobe University, Australia
:: Bachelor Of Nursing (Hons) , University Of Sunderland, Uk (Top-Up Programme)
:: Bachelor Of Health Sciences/Master Of Physiotherapy Practice

DIPLOMA
:: Diploma in Nursing
:: Diploma in Medical Imaging
:: Diploma in Environmental Health
:: Diploma in Pharmacy
:: Diploma in Healthcare
:: Diploma in Physiotherapy
:: Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology
:: Diploma in Health Informatics
:: Diploma in Occupational Safety & Health
:: Diploma in Occupational Therapy
:: Diploma in Paramedic Science (Pre-Hospital Care)

FOUNDATION
:: Foundation in Health Sciences

more info --> http://masterskill.edu.my/Programs/Programs.html

Please send me an email for your detail, (name , tel.no) --> fakhrul_sc2@yahoo.com @ just post the comment (unprivacy)

Job vacancy / jawatan kosong

2009-05-11T20:00:00.000-07:00

Company
Universiti Industri Selangor

Position
Pensyarah/Penolong Pensyarah
(Fakulti Bioperubatan Dan Sains Kesihatan)
Qualification
Ijazah Muda atau Sarjana dalam bidang Fisioterapi dari universiti yang diiktiraf oleh Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia;

Atau

Diploma dalam bidang Fisioterapi dan mempunyai pengalaman bekerja lebih dari sepuluh tahun dalam bidang berkenaan.

Hantarkan CV dan salinan profail peribadi ke:

Dekan
Fakulti Bioperubatan & Sains Kesihatan
Universiti Industri Selangor
Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7
40000 Shah Alam
Selangor

Atau

Fax to: 03-5513 7959

Sebarang pertanyaan sila hubungi 03-5522 3421

-------------------------------------------------------------

Pharmacists / Physiotherapists / Radiographers (2009 New Positions) - 5.5 days / Office Hours!

(Singapore - ISLANDWIDE)

Responsibilities:
Optometrists

Assist the doctors in assessing optical function of the eye through primary eye care of patientsrefractions,keratometry and hard contact lens fitting.
Ability to perform objective refraction (retinoscopy) and subjective refraction is required.
The applicant should also be familiar with and have experience in cycloplegic refraction, atropine refraction and refraction with fogging.

Pharmacists (Research/Locum/Full-time)

Dispense medications
Counsel patients on the use of prescription and over-the-counter medications
Advise physicians about patients’ medication therapy
Advise patients about general health topics such as diet, exercise, and stress management, and provide information on products such as durable medical equipment or home health care supplies.

Physiotherapists

Working with patients to identify the physical problem;
Developing and reviewing treatment programmes;
Assisting patients with joint and spinal problems, especially following surgery;
Helping patients' rehabilitation following accidents, injury and strokes;
Supervising physiotherapy assistants;
Writing patient case notes and reports;
Collecting patient statistics;
Educating and advising patients and their carers about how to prevent and/or improve conditions;
Keeping up to date with new techniques and technologies available for treating patients;
Liaising with other healthcare personnel to supply and receive relevant information about the background and progress of patients, as well as referring patients who require other specific medical attention.

Requirements:
• A Diploma or Degree in Pharmacy / Physiotherapy / Radiography
• Able to perform objective and subjective refractions
• Ability to perform orthoptic examination

ONLY SINGAPOREANS / MALAYSIANS / SINGAPORE PRs CAN APPLY!!
Applicants should be Malaysian, Singaporean citizens or hold relevant residence status.

Interested applicants, please email your detailed resume to medical@recruitexpress.com.sg (ATTN:TANIA)

OR

give TANIA a call @ 6736 3280

more info---> http://my.jobstreet.com/jobs/2009/5/default/20/2083858.htm?fr=J

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

2009-05-10T19:41:00.000-07:00

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a technique that uses nervous system reflexes to help relax a muscle. For example, as you contract your quadriceps, the opposite muscle (hamstring) relaxes to allow normal motion of the knee joint.

PNF techniques were developed by Dr. Herman Kabat and Ms. Margaret Knott.

Introduction to the technique of PNF
:: Resistance and stretch - to stimulate the proprioceptor
:: Application in patterns of mass movements - Diagonal & spiral

Pattern of facilitation
:: The patterns of movement used are spiral & diagonal and are closely allied to normal functional movement.
:: Each pattern has 4 components.
- D1 = Flexion + adduction + external rotation
- D2 = Flexion + abduction + external rotation
- D1 = Extension + abduction + internal rotation
- D2 = Extension + adduction + internal rotation

Techniques of PNF

:: Repeated Contractions
- Do again and again for weak muscle with resistance
- Effects : correct the imbalance of muscle strength
: Demand relaxation of angonistic muscles
: Improve Range Of Motion

:: Slow Reversal
- Changing to opposite
- Resists angonist pattern then resist the antagonist pattern without relaxation.
- Effects : Strengthen & build up endurance
: Develop co-ordination

:: Rhythmic stabilization
- Hold for maintain
- Hold at the end of ROM = Increase ROM
- Hold at the middle of ROM = Relieve pain
- Effects : builds up excitation
: improve circulation
: more heat production
: improve ROM
: Relieve pain
: Co-ordination

:: Hold - Relax ( PNF Strecth )
- Ask the patient to contract
- Therapist resists the movement
- Ask the patient to relax
- Move to new level / range
- Repeats this procedure
- Effects : facilitation of opposite muscle
: lengthening the muscle ( angonist )
: increase ROM ( pain free , comfortable )

:: Rhythmic Initiation
- suitable for rigidity of Parkinson's disease.
- Passisvely pattern of movements
- Assists the muscle movement
- Actively movemnet ( patient do )
- Effects : Relaxation of rigid muscle
: Improve initiation of movement.

10 tips for back care

2009-05-10T19:35:00.000-07:00

1. Try to alternate between standing and sitting.
2. Place a support in the small of your back when driving or sitting at a desk.
3. Exercise by walking or swimming regularly.
4. Try to lose weight to reduce the load on your spine and back muscles.
5. Stretch regularly to reduce stiffness and increase mobility.
6. Watch your posture; try not to slouch or slump.
7. Be careful when lifting; make sure the load is not too heavy or too large.
8. Try frequent gentle stretches to reduce the strain on your back.
9. Keep moving, even if you have an episode of back pain.
10. Consider whether you bed is providing the support you need at night.

Malaysian Physiotherapy Association (MPA)

2009-05-10T19:20:00.000-07:00

Students members of Malaysian Physiotherapy Association (MPA)

:: HUKM: 81 people
:: UiTM: 110 people
:: KSKB: 198 people
:: MAHSA: 328 people
:: MASTERSKILL: 1423 people

info from Malaysian Physiotherapy association ( MPA )
:: http://www.mpa.net.my/member.html ::

Analysis of walking in Anatomy

2009-05-06T22:25:00.000-07:00

ANATOMY OF A WALK

Walks are very complex. Not only do the feet have to move across
the ground, but the hips, spine, arms, shoulders and head all move
in sync to maintain balance in the system. Though complex, if you
break down each of these movements joint by joint, the mechanics
of walking become clear.

Let’s break down a basic walk, step by step. For clarity, I’ve animated
a simple skeleton so you can see exactly how each joint moves.

THE FEET AND LEGS

The feet and legs propel the body forward. To keep your character
looking natural, you should always keep the joints bent slightly,
even at full leg extension.

The walk usually starts with the feet at the extended position – where the feet are furthest apart. This is the point where the character’s weight shifts to the forward foot.

As the weight of the body is transferred to the forward foot, the knee bends to absorb the shock. This is called the recoil position, and is the lowest point in the walk

This is halfway through the first step. As the character moves forward, the knee straightens out and lifts the body it’s highest point. This is called the passing position because this is where the free foot passes the supporting leg.

As the character moves forward, the weight-bearing foot lifts off the ground at the heel, transmitting the force at the ball of the foot. This is where the body starts to fall forward. The free foot swings forward like a pendulum to catch the ground.

The free leg makes contact. This is exactly half the cycle. The second half is an exact mirror of the first. If it differs, the character may appear to limp.

THE HIPS, SPINE & SHOULDERS
The body’s center of gravity is at the hips -- all balance starts there, as does the rest of the body’s motion. During a walk, it’s best to think of the hips’ motion as two separate, overlapping rotations. First, the hips rotate along the axis of the spine, forward and back with the legs. If the right leg is forward, the right hip is rotated forward as well. Second, at the passing position, the free leg pulls the hip out of center, forcing the hips to rock from side to side. These two motions are then transmitted through the spine to the shoulders, which mirror the hips to maintain balance.

When the feet are fully extended, the hips must rotate along the axis of the spine. To keep balance, the shoulders swing in the opposite direction. From the front, the spine is relatively straight, but from the top, you can see how the hips and shoulders twist in opposite directions to maintain balance.

At the passing position, the front view shows the hip being pulled out of center by the weight of the free leg. This causes a counter-rotation in the shoulders. From the top, however, the hips and shoulders are nearly equal angles.

At the extension of the second leg, the hips and shoulders again are flat when viewed from the front. From the top, however, you can see the rotation of the hips and shoulders has completed.

THE ARMS
Unless the character is using it’s arms, they’ll generally hang loose at the sides. In this case, they generally act like pendulums, dragging a few frames behind the hips and shoulders.
Even at full extension, try keeping the arms slightly bent at the elbows. This will keep them looking natural.

THE HEAD
In a standard walk, the head generally tries to stay level, with the eyes focused on where the character is going. It will then bob around slightly to stay balanced. If a character is excited, this bobbing will be more pronounced. The head may also hang low for a sad character, or may look around if the scene requires it.

Credit for www.rubberbug.com

Active / passive insufficiency of muscle

2009-05-06T20:51:00.000-07:00

Active Insufficiency :
- Its mean Poor Lengthening of the angonist muscle
- Example (i):
When bend the wrist ( flexion the wrist ) and bend the elbow ( flexion the elbow ), its hard to make a fist of the hand.It is because the length of the angonis muscle ( flexor ) is not sufficient.

Passive insufficiency :
- Its mean Poor Lenghtening of the antagonist muscle
- Example (i):
Make a fist of the hand first, and then bend the wrist and elbow. The fist will be weak. Its is because of pulling back of antagonist muscle for fist.

Human Body system

2009-05-06T20:45:00.000-07:00

The systems of the human body consist of:

- Circulatory system/Cardiovascular system
- Digestive system
- Endocrine system
- Immune system/Lymphatic system
- Integumentary system
- Muscular system
- Nervous system
- Reproductive system
- Respiratory system
- Skeletal system
- Urinary system
- Sensory system
- Excretory System

Masterskill

2009-05-06T01:44:00.000-07:00

MASTERSKILL University College of Health Sciences was established with the noble mission of becoming the premier college in providing holistic education in Nursing and Allied Health in the national and international health care industry.The aims of the college are to contribute towards the nursing profession and to meet the health needs of the community and the nation. It prepares graduates to function effectively in multifaceted roles in a variety of settings to promote the health and well being of the people. It strives to build an inquisitive mind, motivate academic excellence as well as foster a life-long learning in all students.MASTERSKILL (M) Sdn Bhd was incorporated on 11 August 1997. MASTERSKILL School of Nursing & Healthcare was established on 1 January 2000. The College was located at Wisma Perdana, Jalan Dungun, Damansara Heights , Kuala Lumpur until March 2004 and the College was relocated to its own purpose built campus at Cheras in April 2004. This led to the development of MASTERSKILL University College of Health Sciences.

METRO CAMPUS KOTA BHARU

Lot 598, Seksyen 19, Jalan Hamzah, 15050 Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Tel : 09 747 0560 Fax : 09 747 1560

Ahmad (Centre Manager) - 012 671 0209Azlina - 012 237 1025 Ruby - 012 237 1147 Salwani - 012 237 1308 Firdaus - 012 956 3789

FREE MEDICAL DICTIONARY

2009-05-06T01:17:00.000-07:00

The Free Medical Dictionary Software project welcomes you and invites you to download our (freeware) medical dictionary software available online. We hope you find the software and content useful and accurate. We are always open to suggestions on how to improve the software and appreciate any comments you may have What can you expect from the Free Medical

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Bone

2009-05-05T23:44:00.000-07:00

Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. Because bones come in a variety of shapes and have a complex internal and external structure they are lightweight, yet strong and hard, in addition to fulfilling their many other functions. One of the types of tissue that makes up bone is the mineralized osseous tissue, also called bone tissue, that gives it rigidity and a honeycomb-like three-dimensional internal structure. Other types of tissue found in bones include marrow, endosteum and periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage. There are 206 bones in the adult human body and about 300 in an infant.

FUNCTION OF BONE :

Mechanical

Protection — Bones can serve to protect internal organs, such as the skull protecting the brain or the ribs protecting the heart and lungs.

Shape — Bones provide a frame to keep the body supported.

Movement — Bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints function together to generate and transfer forces so that individual body parts or the whole body can be manipulated in three-dimensional space. The interaction between bone and muscle is studied in biomechanics.

Sound transduction — Bones are important in the mechanical aspect of overshadowed hearing.

Synthetic

Blood production — The marrow, located within the medullary cavity of long bones and interstices of cancellous bone, produces blood cells in a process called haematopoiesis.

Metabolic

Mineral storage — Bones act as reserves of minerals important for the body, most notably calcium and phosphorus.

Growth factor storage — Mineralized bone matrix stores important growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors, transforming growth factor, bone morphogenetic proteins and others.

Fat Storage — The yellow bone marrow acts as a storage reserve of fatty acids

Acid-base balance — Bone buffers the blood against excessive pH changes by absorbing or releasing alkaline salts.

Detoxification — Bone tissues can also store heavy metals and other foreign elements, removing them from the blood and reducing their effects on other tissues. These can later be gradually released for excretion.

TYPES OF BONE :

There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.

Long bones are characterized by a shaft, the diaphysis, that is much greater in length than width. They are comprised mostly of compact bone and lesser amounts of marrow, which is located within the medullary cavity, and spongy bone. Most bones of the limbs, including those of the fingers and toes, are long bones. The exceptions are those of the wrist, ankle and kneecap.

Short bones are roughly cube-shaped, and have only a thin layer of compact bone surrounding a spongy interior. The bones of the wrist and ankle are short bones, as are the sesamoid bones.

Flat bones are thin and generally curved, with two parallel layers of compact bones sandwiching a layer of spongy bone. Most of the bones of the skull are flat bones, as is the sternum.

Irregular bones do not fit into the above categories. They consist of thin layers of compact bone surrounding a spongy interior. As implied by the name, their shapes are irregular and complicated. The bones of the spine and hips are irregular bones.

Sesamoid bones are bones embedded in tendons. Since they act to hold the tendon further away from the joint, the angle of the tendon is increased and thus the leverage of the muscle is increased. Examples of sesamoid bones are the patella and the pisiform

BONE FORMATION

The formation of bone during the fetal stage of development occurs by two processes: Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.
Intramembranous ossification mainly occurs during formation of the flat bones of the skull; the bone is formed from mesenchyme tissue. The steps in intramembranous ossification are:
- Development of ossification center
- Calcification
- Formation of trabeculae
- Development of periosteum

Muscle of upper and lower limb

2009-04-29T22:03:00.000-07:00

I think this maybe usefull for medical student Xspecially me physiotherapy student. So whenever have a free time, I just list the common muscle of upper and lower limb with detail of origin , insertion , nerves supply and action of the muscle.

If u want it, u can download it by follow the link below.

An image that is a link:

Physiotherapist

2009-04-27T21:47:00.001-07:00

Physical therapy (physiotherapy in many English speaking countries) is a health care profession which provides services to individuals and populations to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout life. This includes providing services in circumstances where movement and function are threatened by aging, injury, disease or environmental factors. Functional movement is a central element in what it means to be healthy.